Even if you still have a regular in-person dealer that you trust, they may not know what they’re selling, or, for that matter, be able to find a supplier whose gear isn’t compromised. Understanding the psychological motivations behind individuals’ engagement in illegal activities on the Darkweb is crucial in developing effective countermeasures and promoting pro-social behavior online. The psychological impacts on individuals who use the Darkweb for illegal activities, such as anxiety and stress, should also be considered. Incorporating human behavior and psychology elements into Darkweb research can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon and inform more effective solutions. Researching the Darkweb can raise ethical considerations, particularly if it involves studying illegal activities or vulnerable populations.
Individuals who are more affluent and better connected have often continued drug consumption with little interruption. Those who do not have access to these distribution modes have often pursued shifting and sometimes predatory street markets. The impact of the darknet has to be fully seen in this context, as one component of an evolving social-technical infrastructure for drug distribution and consumption may include harm-reduction advice such as drug-checking services 60.
Data Availability Statement
Due to their open design, cryptomarkets have facilitated the emergence of new digital trace methods to track changes in drug markets such as the DATACRYPTO crawler maintained by David Décary-Hétu 8 and the application of large data analysis using machine learning 9. These innovations allow for early confirmation of market changes such as the emergence of fentanyl and other novel synthetic opioids 10, 11 and of new drug delivery systems, such as e-cigarette/vaping methods for drug consumption 12. Operation RapTor involves law enforcement actions taken by JCODE member agencies, including the DEA, FBI, FDA OCI, HSI, IRS-CI, and USPIS. State, local, and other federal agencies also contributed to Operation RapTor investigations through task force participation and regional partnerships, as well as the multi-agency Special Operations Division. Before escrow systems became commonplace, Marie once fell prey to a so-called “exit scam.” That’s when a dealer who plans to stop selling on a marketplace continues to take orders that they never plan to fulfill.
- This cluster also has strong connections to other SDGs, including SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth), SDG 9 (industry, innovation, and infrastructure), and SDG 5 (gender equality).
- This information can be useful for identifying opportunities for collaboration or for comparing the research funding landscape in different countries.
- The Global Drug Survey records steady growth in use among its respondents, from 4.7 in 2014 to 15% in 2020 obtaining at least some of their drugs from darknet sites in the previous 12 months 22.
- It is considered very secure thanks to strict user validations and transparent payment and vendor review procedures.
The Global Organized Crime Index 2023
The human behavior of seeking anonymity and engaging in criminal activities on the Darkweb fuels security threats. Understanding the motivations and attitudes of those who participate in these activities on the Darkweb can inform strategies to prevent and mitigate network security breaches, malware attacks, and cyber-attacks. Highly cited articles in this cluster are shown in Table 6 and analyzed further. Our study identifies four key opportunities to build on previous research. Firstly, the study provides a comprehensive bibliometrics analysis of a corpus of 1068 publications from 2012 to 2022, including the pandemic period, which played a crucial role in the Darkweb’s use by both legitimate and illegitimate users.
Malware Sales
The ubiquity of the internet has transformed black markets, with shadowy street transactions now taking place in sophisticated digital marketplaces. According to Europol’s 2025 Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment report, nearly all forms of serious and organized crime now have a digital footprint. Criminals are leveraging the online domain to increase efficiency and maintain anonymity, and darknet markets are generating US$5–7.5 million in daily revenue. Archetyp Market emerged in 2020 as a major player in the darknet’s illicit drug trade, quickly gaining notoriety for its vast inventory and user base. Over five years, it became a bustling hub where over 3,200 vendors sold more than 17,000 drug listings, spanning cocaine, heroin, cannabis, MDMA, amphetamines, and highly dangerous synthetic opioids like fentanyl.
Torzon Market
The dark web model endures because it offers great efficiencies to dealers and users. Since the demise of Wall Street and Dream, two new markets, Empire and Nightmare – which both opened over a year ago – have grown rapidly as users have migrated over from closed sites. Today, Empire has over 28,000 drug listings and Nightmare has over 60,000. In the summer of 2017, Dream market, the second-biggest at that time, had just 48,000 deals.
The departure of market leaders such as Solaris Market — which ceased operations in autumn 2024 — is a rare occurrence. JCODE has worked with every FBI field office in the country to facilitate outreach to households that have purchased individual amounts of opioids from the darknet. The interagency efforts are aimed to both identify those who use anonymizing technologies to purchase illicit narcotics and direct them to available resources. The value of these markets was estimated by the UNODC in September of 2018 to stand at $14 million (£11 million) to $25 million (£20 million) per month – a tiny fraction of overall illicit drug sales. Still, the EU has funded a three-year, €5 million (£4.5 million) project, project, TITANIUM, with the aim of de-anonymising criminal bitcoin users and providing “court-proof” evidence of underground market activity. Usually, it takes a few weeks for buyers to transfer to alternative or new sites.
The Marketplace As An Arsenal
This matrix is a crucial tool in our research, as it helps us identify and understand the relationships between these variables. We took only “zakladka” with a small weight of substances ready for sale (5 g) because larger supplies can be resold on the same Hydra marketplace by other drug dealers so that they could be counted twice. The map in Figure 3 illustrates the daily supply volumes of total amounts of drugs, measured throughout the year and brought to average.
Investigations
In some cases, established sellers on closed-down markets are welcomed onto new markets as digital “refugees” and have joining fees waived. But according to Meta, no more than 1 in 2,000 views on Facebook is of content that violates its restricted goods policy. Between July and September 2024, Meta says that 96 percent of drug sales content that violated its terms was removed before a user reported it. TikTok, meanwhile, removed 99.5 percent of content violating its policy on alcohol, tobacco, and drugs before it was reported, according to its Community Guidelines Enforcement Report for the second quarter of 2024. When one goes down, two more emerge with new ideas, better technology, and greater difficulty to track. It’s an ever-evolving ecosystem—constantly shifting, reinventing itself, and adapting.
The prohibitions include the making of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services by, to, or for the benefit of any designated person, or the receipt of any contribution or provision of funds, goods, or services from any such person. Given the explosive growth of these markets, organizations must prioritize proactive threat monitoring. Axis Intelligence provides dark web surveillance solutions that help businesses identify leaked credentials, fraud attempts, and malware risks before they escalate. Known for its publicity stunt releasing millions of stolen card details for free, BidenCash specializes in credit card fraud and identity theft. This article reveals the top 10 dark web markets dominating in 2025, their unique characteristics, and the critical implications for enterprise cybersecurity. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, in collaboration with Europol, the Joint Criminal Opioid and Darknet Enforcement Team, and various national and international partners, announced the results of Operation RapTOR May 22.
Later in 2022, the US Naval Research Laboratory built on Freenet’s idea to create a secure and encrypted network for sensitive communications, which was later released to the public as open-source software. And, of course, think twice before sharing too much personal details online. That all is for general internet activities, you can guess how crucial having a VPN is when you hop onto something like the dark web. Sometimes, you might be hacked by using weak passwords or even just connecting to unsecured Wi-Fi on public networks. And in a world where almost everything we do is online, taking your digital privacy seriously is more important than ever. First things first, always use strong and different passwords for each account you open.
Synthetic drugs show a higher proportion of sales on the darknet and in online shops than other drugs, while cannabis and cocaine are more likely to be obtained through social media, largely because of their partial legality and social acceptability. Heroin and other opioids do not have a significant presence online, as their sale is highly regulated and controlled. A user’s choice of platform thus usually depends on the type of drug sought.
The Top 7 Dark Web Marketplaces In 2025
And so, the cycle continues – one closure followed by the next platform launch. Just as Archetyp filled the void left by the dismantling of other online drug markets that existed before it, its successor may already be taking shape. Code named Deep Sentinel, the operation was the latest in a series of strikes by European authorities against high-volume dark web markets. Led by Germany’s Federal Criminal Police Office (BKA) with support from the Netherlands and the Czech Republic, the operation extended to Spain, Sweden and Romania.
These included an advanced encryption program known as “Pretty Good Privacy” and a cryptocurrency called Monero. Unlike Bitcoin, which records every payment on a public ledger, Monero conceals all transaction details by default which makes them nearly impossible to trace. The durability of these markets tells us that if policing responses keep following the same playbook, they will keep getting the same results.
